To achieve effortless weight loss the usage of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonstis has increased tremendously over the last two years. (GLP-1) receptor agonists like semaglutide – known under the brand name Ozempic – mimic the effects of endogenous GLP-1, which stimulates the secretion of insulin, lowers blood sugar levels and inhibits gastric emptying – therefore leading to a decreased appetite. Originally semaglutid emerged as a promising therapeutic option in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by improved glycemic control and other metabolic benefits.
A recently published study showed siginficant benefits on weight loss in obese adults with a BMI > 30 compared to a control group. After 68 weeks the mean weight loss in the ozempic treated group reached nearly 15%. With these striking effects the usage of GLP-1 analogs has increased as a lifestyle drug also in healthy patients leading to a series of questions:
Who should consider benefiting from the usage of GLP-1 agonists?
Novel GLP-1 analogs have demonstrated a superior efficacy in lowering long term blood sugar values (hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels) compared to other antidiabetic medications, with the notable, positive aspect of weight loss. This effect is particularly beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight or obese, contributing to improved overall metabolic health.
Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have suggested potential cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetic patients associated with GLP-1 analogs use, including a reduction in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. This adds a cardiovascular advantage to its glycemic control benefits.
Emerging evidence also suggests potential renal protective effects of GLP-1 analogs, lowering the risk of chronic kidney disease – a common secondary disease of type 2 diabetes.
What side effects are common?
The most common adverse effects of GLP-1 analogs include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which in severe cases may affect patient tolerability and adherence. Furthermore, allergic reactions and hypoglycemic events can occur. Additionally, the occurrence of pancreatitis, in rare cases pancreas and thyroid cancer have been reported.
Does the medication lead to long term weight loss?
Interestingly the weight loss seen under the usage of GLP-1 analogs is not maintained as soon as the drug usage is terminated. Therefore, the prescription of GLP-1 analog should always be accompanied by nutritional counseling to create long-term effects. Several studies demonstrated a yoyo-effects of weight gain after termination of GLP-1- analog usage.
GLP-1 analogs as the new lifestyle drug?
GLP-1 analogs represent a significant advancement in the management of type II diabetes mellitus and severe obesity, offering potent glycemic control, weight loss, potential cardiovascular and renal benefits. Especially in healthy patients – with a BMI < 30 – usage as a lifestyle drug should be brought to question as the drugs have potential severe side effects. Therefore, the benefits should outweigh the risk of usage, especially as long-term side effects are yet to be determined.
If you are interested in in original study, click here.
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